A Chihuahuan Desert mountain refuge in northern Coahuila, anchored by the Sierra del Carmen.
Maderas del Carmen Flora and Fauna Protection Area
Maderas del Carmen Flora and Fauna Protection Area is a large protected landscape in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila, set within the Maderas del Carmen region and reaching across the municipalities of Múzquiz, Acuña, and Ocampo. The area encompasses the Sierra del Carmen and the Sierra el Jardín, rugged limestone mountain systems that rise from the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert and form one of the most important semi-arid conservation corridors in northern Mexico.
The reserve was established on November 7, 1994, alongside the related Santa Elena Canyon protected area across the border in Coahuila, with the goal of preserving ecosystems, enabling sustainable use of resources, and supporting scientific research. The protection effort was closely linked to the long-running idea of a transboundary conservation complex with Big Bend National Park in Texas, although the two sides remain under separate management plans and the Rio Grande is not a legal crossing for visitors.
Ecologically, Maderas del Carmen is recognized for its biological richness, with more than 1,400 recorded species of plants and animals, including groups that fall under Mexican risk categories as well as non-native species documented within the reserve. Its combination of desert flats, deep canyons, and forested mountain elevations gives it a distinct ecological character within the broader Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion.